Postwar Consumer
Capitalism
and the Environment
Earth, Wind, and Fire:
Nature and History in America
The “Fifties
Syndrome”
The
energy transition to petroleum from coal
Rise in demand for
oil
Pennsylvania
(1859) and Texas (1901): gushers
Oily
sheen on land, streams, forests
Venting
& loss of cheap natural gas
1922-34
1,250,000,000 cubic feet/day
1950s:
1/2 of all gas burned at wellhead
From Industrial to
Consumer Capitalism
New
consumer goods in the 1920s
Automobiles,
refrigerators, electric mixers, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, water
heaters
First
products made from nonbiodegradable synthetic materials: cellophane and
Bakelite
Problem
of durable goods
1924:
planned obsolescence (light bulbs)
1924:
regular changes in styles and features (GM’s automobiles)
1920s:
disposable products (safety razors, tampons, Kleenex)
1924:
White Castle, the first fast food restaurant
Advertising:
selling sex, status, and self-gratification
Movies,
mass media, national radio
Consumer
capitalism speeds transfer of money, increasing income
Postwar development
Prosperity
fuels consumerism
FHA
& GI Bill fuel urban sprawl
Cheap, inefficient
housing
Flooding, erosion
Septic tank pollution
Freeways,
interstate highways
Era of
automobile
Cities
rip up mass transit tracks, buy buses
Urban Sprawl:
Levittown, Long Island, N.Y.
Urban Sprawl
A Throwaway Society
1950s:
Rise of fast food: McDonald’s
Disposable
food packaging
Cans
replace returnable bottles
1960:
disposable styrene cups
By
1970, landfills are overflowing